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Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) agents serve as immigration inspectors. Their chief responsibility is to determine whether or not to admit people and cargo into the U.S. They must research possible immigration and customs violations by assessing individuals, vehicles, and products being moved across borders and state lines.

What Does an INS Agent Do?

INS agents are responsible for inspecting cargo entering and leaving the U.S., as well as making determining taxation for items crossing international and state borders. They must also evaluate passports and interview individuals seeking entry into the U.S. and its territories. Some of the more mundane tasks of an immigration inspector are to maintain records, prepare reports, and sort and process applications for temporary residency or immigration into the U.S.

The majority of INS agents work full-time for airports, seaports, and at the country’s borders. Many of the locations where inspectors will work require round-the-clock staffing, which may mean night, weekend, and holiday work for new inspectors. It’s also likely that inspectors will be asked to testify in court from time to time. An INS agent must be able to remain calm, think clearly, keep a level head, and exercise sound judgment in all situations.

How Much Do INS Agents Earn?

While the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not report on immigration inspectors specifically, the median annual wage for police and sheriff’s patrol officers working at a federal level was $58,130 as of May 2018.

How Do I Become an INS Agent?

Like most jobs within the federal government, immigration inspectors are required to hold a bachelor’s degree. Degrees in criminal justice or homeland security are preferred.

It is common for newly hired inspectors to go through an immigration and customs enforcement basic training program; this is typically a 60-plus-day program that immerses candidates in interviewing, cross-cultural communications, immigration and naturalization laws, fingerprinting, detention procedures, and firearm handling, in addition to an extensive background check. They also must obtain and maintain government security clearance due to the sensitive nature of the information they will have access to. After completion of the majority of the program, candidates must be able to pass written exams and a physical fitness test that includes a 1.5-mile run.


With the right knowledge, you can excel as an INS agent. Concordia University, St. Paul offers an online criminal justice degree. The program focuses on key topics that are relevant to today’s criminal justice system. In addition, the program’s flexible online format allows you to complete your studies at a time and place that works best for you.

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People who are critical thinkers and strong communicators may want to pursue careers as criminologists. They help answer the questions of why people commit crime, what can be done to decrease criminal activity and what are effective sentences for preventing repeat offenders.

What Does a Criminologist Do?

Criminologists aid police in evaluating criminals. They accomplish this by using biographical, social and psychological factors to pinpoint and analyze criminal patterns. They examine statistics and identify patterns to determine criminal types based on victim/perpetrator demographics and locations.

When a criminologist arrives at a conclusion, he or she creates profile types for standard criminals. These profiles can be used by law enforcement to educate and better prepare to handle similar future criminals. This, in turn, allows police to catch criminals more quickly and efficiently and gives them a perspective on possible offender motives.

Criminologists spend their working hours completing tasks such as:

  • Compiling statistical data
  • Writing and conducting surveys
  • Interviewing
  • Writing recommendations on policy
  • Researching and writing papers/articles
  • Working alongside police and corrections personnel
  • Developing strategies to reduce criminal recidivism

Criminologists also may find themselves being required to evaluate a crime scene or autopsy to draw conclusions about whether a criminal fits a profile, based on the nature of their crime.

The job of a criminologist is chiefly research-driven. While they may work primarily in a sterile office environment, they may also work from crime scenes and labs. They typically work for legislative committees or for state, local, and federal governments on policy advisory boards. Other environments include a college/university, where they can both teach and lead research projects.

How Much Are Criminologists Paid?

The salaries of criminologists across the country vary based on their location, the size of the company for which they work, and their experience. According to PayScale, criminologists earn an average salary of about $45,000.

Criminal Justice Degrees at CSP Global

A bachelor’s or master’s degree is a common requirement for criminologists. Some states also make it necessary for candidates to pass a licensing exam. Many students who hope to become criminologists study psychology or sociology as undergraduates. However, students who earn a CSP Global’s bachelor’s degree in criminal justice and a master’s degree in criminal justice leadership will be poised for quick employment and advancement in their careers. It is possible for criminologists to be hired with only a bachelor’s degree, but many go on to pursue higher education once they are established in their careers.

Students interested in becoming criminologists should also pursue internship opportunities to gain valuable experience and become more employable. Once hired, new criminologists are expected to pass a background and security check and maintain a clean criminal record.

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For many Americans, Black Friday is a staple of their Thanksgiving tradition. Retailers count on these shoppers enough to open on Thanksgiving Day, a move that provides more chances for shoppers to find bargains. Even so, Black Friday remains one of the biggest shopping days of the year, as consumers brave crowds and long lines to take advantage of deals — which can lead to considerable profits for businesses.

The most successful stores have established strategies for marketing deep discounts to consumers. When these strategies are effective, stores can stay top-of-mind with consumers on Black Friday and rise to the top of their shopping list.

Why You Should Offer Black Friday Deals

Local and small retailers may have reservations about offering Black Friday deals. Business owners may wait to provide deals on Small Business Saturday, leaving Thanksgiving weekend for big-box retailers with mass inventory and room to slash prices. But Black Friday gives local stores opportunities to:

  • Clean up their inventory: As Black Friday approaches, small businesses can move overstocked or seasonal items to point-of-sale displays — and reduce prices to ensure they sell. This process helps retailers clear slow-moving items to make room for in-demand products that consumers will seek on Black Friday.
  • Score first-time customers: People who hunt for deals may go out of their way to shop at stores that they’d otherwise pass up. Black Friday offers chances for stores to attract these first-time customers and create a shopping experience that gives them reasons to become repeat customers.
  • Get a revenue boost: Stores shouldn’t assume they must price inventory at a loss to attract customers. Most stores — big and small — move a considerable number of products on Black Friday and the surrounding shopping days, providing a window for generating revenue.

Understanding How Black Friday Shoppers Think

Black Friday presents a unique shopping experience. Many consumers plan for crowds, scout for deals, and revel in scoring hard-to-find products. Retailers who understand how these shoppers think can create unique shopping experiences that boost their chances of driving revenue. Here are thoughts that consumer experts have shared about the thought processes that can occur on Black Friday. 

  • Crowds create enjoyable shopping experiences: Typically, shoppers try to avoid crowds. But a study led by Sang-Eun Byun of the University of South Carolina found that competition for products can spark excitement and positive feelings. This finding may explain what draws many shoppers to stores on Black Friday.
  • Preparation adds to the excitement: Savvy shoppers map out game plans to make the most of their time and money before hitting the stores. But plans that go awry can lead to what Sharron Lennon, a professor at Indiana University Bloomington, calls “consumer misbehavior.” This occurs when shoppers engage in mischief after missing out on bargains.
  • Black Friday shopping is habit-forming: Black Friday shopping is now a tradition for many Americans. Winthrop University professors Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters say that dedicated shoppers plan their Black Friday expeditions as thoroughly as they plan holiday meals and other traditions. But the rise of Cyber Monday may be changing those habits.

Online Marketing Raises the Stakes for Holiday Shoppers

Cyber Monday has produced deals on top of what stores offer on Black Friday. Stores of all sizes offer bargains on Cyber Monday, not just big-box stores and Amazon. This extended shopping window provides small businesses with opportunities to sell more products online and grow revenues during the holiday season.

  • Manage your online presence: During the lead up to Cyber Monday, businesses should ready their websites to attract more traffic. To begin, they should develop engaging content and create product pages that entice people to visit online stores. It’s also important for businesses to test their website functionality to ensure they provide seamless digital shopping experiences.
  • Go mobile: A Pew Research Center study found that 81% of Americans own a smartphone — and many of them likely use their devices to shop online. Therefore, businesses should ensure their websites are responsive and navigable on all devices. For the best results, retailers can develop mobile apps for easy checkout.
  • Dip into e-commerce sales: Small businesses can add products to Amazon and eBay to reach an international audience. This third-party approach is especially beneficial for small retailers that don’t have the capacity to build complex commerce systems.

Of course, most retailers compete for customers on Black Friday and Cyber Monday. As a result, businesses must develop effective marketing strategies to avoid losing shoppers to the competition.

To learn how to thrive in business, consider the online bachelor’s degree in marketing from Concordia University, St. Paul. Through a comprehensive curriculum, you will explore core marketing strategies and tools to help your business stand out during busy holiday seasons and beyond. Designed for busy adults, this online program gives you the flexibility to complete your studies where and when it works best for you.

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Individuals who have good judgment, are confident in their decision-making, and are accurate with great attention to detail can make good customs inspectors. A customs inspector has the role of preventing weapons, drugs, and illegal goods from being smuggled into the United States. They are also responsible for stopping the entry of harmful pests that might come into the country on imported fruits, vegetables, and other plants.

What Does a Customs Inspector Do?

Customs inspectors uphold the laws governing imported and exported goods and evaluate and examine individuals passing through U.S. borders. They also study shipping manifests to make sure imported goods do not violate U.S. regulations regarding their source or the country of origin’s child labor stipulations. In addition, customs inspectors examine declaration forms to ensure that all passengers are claiming the correct amount of currency and goods obtained abroad, so that appropriate taxes can be collected.

Customs inspectors’ day-to-day duties are carried out at ports of entry to the United States — seaports, international airports, train stations, and vehicle border crossings. Whether they work indoors or outdoors is dependent upon their station. For example, at seaports, inspectors will spend a lot of time outdoors inspecting cargo ships and aircraft entering and departing the country. On the other hand, inspectors who work for airports will work mainly indoors, alongside the airport’s baggage claim and passenger registration departments.

It’s pretty common for an inspector to be on his or her feet for long periods throughout the day, and they do not typically have offices. It’s the nature of the position for inspectors to move around a lot while investigating travelers, their bags and cargo. There are times when drugs and weapons are suspected; this makes the job of a customs inspector potentially dangerous. To ensure that an inspector can efficiently handle unsafe situations, he or she will undergo specific training before beginning this job.

How Much Do Customs Inspectors Earn?

The salaries for customs inspectors vary depending upon location, experience, the size of employer, and other factors. Unfortunately, the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not report specific data for customs inspectors; but the similar occupations of detectives and criminal investigators earn a median annual salary of $81,920.

How Do I Become a Customs Inspector?

To prepare for a career as a customs inspector, you need at least a high school diploma. However, a bachelor’s or master’s degree can increase your chances of landing a job and being promoted quickly. In addition, you must pass a 15-week training course at the Customs Border Protection Academy. This course consists of classroom and practical skills that include interviewing, search and seizure methods, threat assessment, and legal regulations.

Additionally, customs inspectors must be U.S. citizens who can provide a valid driver’s license. Candidates must be under the age of 37, although some military veterans or law enforcement personnel older than 37 may qualify. They must pass a background check for security clearance and be able to pass fitness, drug, and medical tests. Finally, customs inspectors must make the grade on a final, comprehensive exam at the end of their training.

Concordia University, St. Paul offers a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice and a master’s degree in criminal justice leadership. Both programs can help you develop the skills needed to excel as a customs inspector. In addition, the programs are offered in a convenient online format that allows you to study at a time and place that works best for you.

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The role of a deputy sheriff is to enforce local, state, and national laws within a county. Much like police officers in urban areas, deputies are appointed officers responsible for overseeing certain police duties.

What Does a Deputy Sheriff Do?

Deputy sheriffs are commonly in charge of patrolling their jurisdiction, making arrests, and responding to emergency and non-emergency calls. However, they may also be tasked with running the county jail or ensuring courtroom security. Many times, especially in rural areas, the sheriff’s department is the main law enforcement agency.

Most deputy sheriffs work 12-hour shifts; some work alternating day and night shifts. Since around-the-clock public safety is the primary concern of a sheriff’s department, a deputy may be asked to work double shifts and should expect overtime pay. They should also be ready to work holidays and weekends as needed, especially at the beginning of their career.

How Much Do Deputy Sheriffs Earn?

Salaries vary greatly by department size and location. The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not report specifically on the salaries of deputy sheriffs, but a comparable salary is that of police and sheriff’s patrol officers. The median annual salary for those roles is $61,380. Pay will vary based on location, experience, and education.

How Do I Become a Deputy Sheriff?

To effectively provide services like law and traffic enforcement, emergency response, and criminal investigation, deputy sheriffs must complete intense training requirements. The strict selection process for this training ensures the best-suited candidates receive a chance to compete for this role. A written test to assess reading, writing, and math skills is also typical. Physically, candidates will be evaluated for stamina, strength, and dexterity. One of the final requirements is that candidates pass an interview and psychological exam with senior officers. This is to ensure the applicant is fit to handle the mental trials of law enforcement work.

Depending upon a department’s location, there may be a civil service exam a candidate must pass before they earn eligibility to enter a training program.

Those interested in pursuing careers as deputy sheriffs must be U.S. citizens with no felony or domestic violence convictions and no recent DWI or misdemeanor convictions. Before an applicant is offered a job, they must pass a thorough background check. In some instances, a polygraph exam may be required to verify all information gathered during a candidate’s interviews and background check.

Not unlike many careers in law enforcement, the minimum education required to become a deputy sheriff is a high school diploma or GED. However, sheriffs who hold a bachelor’s or master’s degree will increase their attractiveness to employers. They will also likely earn more money and have greater opportunities for advancement.

Concordia University, St. Paul offers a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice and a master’s degree in criminal justice leadership. Both programs can help you develop the skills needed to excel as a deputy sheriff. In addition, they are offered in a convenient online format that allows you to study at a time and place that works best for you.

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It is no secret that earning a Master of Business Administration (MBA) is one of the best ways to get ahead in today’s competitive business world. Graduates benefit from a return on investment, both in terms of career advancement and salary increase.

The Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) has reported that “more than half of employers (57%) [planned] to increase starting base salaries” for new hires with an MBA. Add increased knowledge and skill development in core business competencies, and it is clear that pursuing an MBA is a smart choice for many students.

Employers recognize the value of the MBA due to its versatility as well. This is why the MBA was named one of Fortune’s Best Graduate Degrees for Jobs. In fact, Fortune notes that MBA graduates report high job satisfaction and relatively low stress levels.

Value of the MBA

Among the many benefits of earning an MBA, one of the most significant is gaining transferable skills. The hard and soft skills gained through MBA coursework are relevant to a wide range of business careers, from accounting and finance to marketing and management. Beyond the business world, MBA graduates find work in fields like technology, health care, government, and nonprofits, according to U.S. News & World Report.

MBA holders can expect higher employment rates and increased job security because graduate business degrees have become a powerful differentiator in the job market. The same article points out that, according to the GMAC, 96 percent of employers “agreed that hiring business school graduates creates value for their companies.”

In its annual employer survey, the GMAC also found that 75 percent of surveyed employers expected to hire MBA graduates in 2016. As U.S. News & World Report puts it, they “like hiring MBAs for their ability to handle complex situations, be nimble and adapt in the face of a rapidly changing global environment.” Recruiters seek out candidates with strategic thinking, creative problem-solving, leadership, and communication skills, as well as analytical thinking and collaboration, Bloomberg says.

Many MBA programs offer degree specializations. Students can concentrate on key skill areas that directly apply to their chosen career path. A popular choice for many is health care management due to the rapid growth of the health care industry in recent years.

Finally, MBA programs allow students to network with individuals from diverse professional backgrounds. This is particularly valuable in today’s global economy. Students are exposed to “different business practices, cultures, and points of view,” along with alumni networks that are useful during the job search, U.S. News & World Report says.

Combined, these factors make the MBA one of the most relevant degree programs for graduate students.

Why Earn an MBA?

There are many reasons individuals choose to continue their education with an MBA. Pursuing an advanced business degree can help professionals meet their career goals and expand their knowledge. However, there are other motivating factors for pursuing the MBA credential. The following are just a few:

Career Change

According to industry expert Stacy Blackman, “By some estimates, at least two-thirds of MBA applicants look to business school as a surefire way to launch their career in a new direction.” For those who have decided to pursue a new career path, earning an MBA can help hone skills that can be directly applied in the workplace.

Job Requirements

Some organizations require a graduate degree for all upper management positions. While getting hired in an entry-level role with a bachelor’s degree is by no means impossible, professionals are more likely to be chosen for senior positions if they have the added credential of an MBA. Many companies expect entry-level hires to continue their education after a few years of work as well.

Career Advancement

For those looking to move up the corporate ladder, continuing education is key. Earning an MBA is an ideal way to become more versatile and learn the broad range of skill sets required in high-level positions. Because coursework often includes topics ranging from leadership, communication, economics, operations, and more, MBA programs prepare students for the next stage in their careers.

Of course, the reasons to earn an MBA vary depending on each individual’s career goals and priorities. “When you map out your medium- and long-term professional goals, think about what gaps you have and whether an MBA could be that transformational experience that changes your career trajectory forever,” Blackman says.

Once you determine that an MBA is right for you, it is important to consider which type of MBA best aligns with your desired business career. Just as the business world is varied and complex, there are many degree options available for students who know what they are looking for in their business education.

In-Demand MBAs

Two of the most useful types of MBAs are a general, business-focused MBA and a specialized MBA in health care management. Both of these degrees provide students with in-demand expertise and skill sets that are valuable in today’s fast-paced and innovative marketplace. The general MBA is traditionally valuable among employers for reasons discussed above, but MBAs in health care management are a relatively new option that arose from a need for trained professionals who can address the business of health care. Learn more about each of these degree options below.

General MBA

According to the Harvard Business Review, earning an MBA “sends a signal to the marketplace.” It arms students with skills related to a wide variety of fields: Organizational leadership, marketing, communications, economics, human resources, finance, operations, and general management roles are some of the most applicable.

Students are able to apply what they learn directly to the workplace and gain knowledge and competencies that are highly useful to employers. This is perhaps why, as Fortune reported in 2014, the MBA became the most popular postgraduate degree in the United States.

While the specific types of coursework you will complete depends on the program you choose, general MBA coursework is designed to provide advanced training in core business processes. Though many students have completed similar courses as part of their undergraduate business degree, MBA programs teach concepts from a high-level perspective that emphasizes management and real-world application.

Once core coursework is completed, many MBA programs allow students to choose elective courses or specializations to focus their coursework in a specific area that is beneficial to their future career goals.

Health Care MBA

With the advent of health care technology and the rapid change taking place in the industry, skill sets related to health care management are in high demand. In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that employment in health care occupations is expected to grow by about 1.9 million new jobs from 2018 to 2028 — more than most other occupations.

Harvard’s Richard M.J.Bohmer, M.D., points out that many of the most important competencies in the modern health care system focus on management and innovation. Earning an MBA focused on health care management gives graduates the knowledge to excel in this rapidly changing industry.

In most health care management MBA programs, students learn skills that prepare them for leadership careers in health care facilities, such as supervising operations for health care systems or a specific hospital. The curriculum explores the role of core business skills in the U.S. health care system.

Another important component of health care management MBA programs is studying the function of insurance companies and physicians in patient care delivery. Understanding the intersection of these elements is essential to the successful running of health care facilities. Generally, programs focus on a combination of typical MBA coursework and topics specifically related to health care. Especially for students who studied business in their undergraduate education, health care MBA programs provide an ideal opportunity to develop stronger health care credentials to transition into the field.

For students interested in management positions in the health care field or further graduate study related to health care management, earning a specialized MBA is an ideal way to prepare for success.

Careers for MBA Graduates

The following career paths are particularly well-suited to MBA graduates. They require the skill sets and competencies that are learned as part of MBA degree coursework.

Leadership Careers in Business

According to the BLS, employment in business and financial occupations is expected to grow 7 percent through 2028, a rate that is faster than the national average. The median annual wage for management occupations is $104,240.

This data makes the following careers some of the most financially rewarding and in-demand for MBA graduates. It is important to note that all salary and growth information is dependent on variables like experience, location, and setting.

Chief Financial Officer

As executives, chief financial officers (CFOs) are responsible for managing the financial operations of a company. CFOs lead finance teams and ensure that they meet the organization’s requirements as well as complying with all laws and regulations. CFOs may be responsible for putting together budgets.

The average salary for these professionals is $133,117, according to PayScale, and the BLS reports a 6 percent growth rate for top executives.

Business Development Manager

Business development managers ensure that employees receive adequate training for their positions, as well as overseeing skill development efforts on behalf of the company. They may create educational materials and teach relevant skills so that managers can pass on information to their direct reports.

The average salary for business development managers, also known as training and development managers, is $111,340. Professionals in this role can expect to see 8 percent growth through 2028, the BLS says.

Marketing Director

Marketing directors “work with department heads or other staff to discuss topics such as budgets and contracts, marketing plans, and the selection of advertising media,” along with maintaining positive client relationships, according to the BLS. They earn a median annual salary of $132,620. In terms of growth, the BLS reports that advertising, promotions, and marketing management roles will grow 8 percent through 2028.

Financial Controller

Also known as comptrollers, financial controllers manage the various financial departments of a company, including accounting, audits, and more. They create reports that analyze an organization’s financial health and performance, along with maintaining good standing with regulatory agencies.

PayScale reports that financial controllers earn $83,062 per year. While the BLS doesn’t offer outlook information specific for controllers, it notes that a similar occupation, financial managers, can expect 16 percent growth through 2028.

Sales Director

Sales directors are responsible for overseeing a company’s sales teams. They “set goals, analyze data, and develop training programs for organizations’ sales representatives,” the BLS says. Sales directors analyze sales statistics and develop plans to gain customers, in addition to setting quotas. According to the BLS, sales directors earn about $124,220 per year, and this field is expected to grow 5 percent through 2028.

IT Director

Also known as computer and information systems managers, IT directors “plan, coordinate, and direct computer-related activities in an organization,” according to the BLS. They are responsible for understanding the technology needs of a company and creating goals around the adoption of new computer systems. The average salary for IT directors is $142,530 per year, and this role is expected to grow much faster than the national average at 11 percent.

Leadership Careers in Health Care Management

The BLS reports that employment in health care occupations is expected to grow 14 percent through 2028. This rate is much faster than the national average for all occupations. Such impressive growth is due to an aging population and federal health insurance reform, among other factors. As people have increased access to health care services, demand for trained leaders in the field is increasing.

The median annual salary for medical and health services managers, the category BLS considers relevant to most management-level health care careers, is $99,730. The job outlook for these careers is strong, with a reported growth rate of 18 percent through 2028. High demand and impressive salaries make earning a health care management MBA a smart move for students. The following careers provide the highest earning potential and job growth for qualified candidates.

Hospital Administrator

Hospital administrators are responsible for overseeing the operations of hospitals. This can include working with the press and community, coordinating various departments to meet hospital-wide goals, supervising staff, and more. Hospital administrators can also carry out human resources duties, such as hiring. According to PayScale, hospital administrators earn an average of $86,377 per year.

Pharmaceutical Project Manager

Project managers in the pharmaceuticals industry are in charge of “overseeing new products and/or new iterations of existing products within their company,” PayScale says. They create reports and manage timelines for various product releases, working closely with clients to ensure that their needs are met.

The average annual salary for pharmaceutical project managers is $92,772. Though there is no specific listing for this role, the BLS reports that similar management occupations will see a growth rate of 7 percent through 2028.

Medical Practice Manager

Medical practice managers ensure the successful functioning of medical facilities such as private physician offices, hospitals, clinics, and more. They schedule patient appointments, make sure records are up to date, and manage other office staff. The average salary for medical practice managers is $60,517.

Health Informatics Manager

These professionals are responsible for all the coding and medical records personnel within a medical facility. Health informatics managers oversee compliance, ensuring that the facility follows all laws and regulations. They “should be capable of implementing new technologies to increase productivity and workflow,” PayScale says. The average salary for health information managers is $71,162.

Health Care Consultant

Health care consultants usually work for large health care organizations and work with clients to identify areas for improvement and possible solutions to existing problems. This might include “observing and talking with employees and managers, writing reports, and conducting meetings with clients,” PayScale says.

Other responsibilities include creating effective systems and procedures and conducting evaluations. According to PayScale, the average salary for health care consultants is $77,362. A similar BLS category, management analysts, is expected to grow 14 percent through 2028.

MBA Skill Sets

For all the careers featured in this guide, there are certain skill sets that make candidates stand out from the competition. While many of those skills are directly tied to the business world, others are “soft” skills that help professionals succeed. Through a combination of core business coursework and the skills learned along the way, MBA programs prepare graduates for ongoing career success.

Employers and recruiters view the following skills as the most valuable and sought-after in potential hires. According to Inside Higher Ed, “Employers are looking for leaders who can work as part of a team and communicate effectively.” The skills below reflect both the needs of employers and key components of MBA coursework.

Interpersonal Communication

According to a GMAT survey of employers, communication skills are among the most in-demand for new hires. “Communications, teamwork, and interpersonal skills are critical—everything we do involves working with other people,” one employer said. Because MBA programs require students to work with other professionals to complete coursework, they help foster the communication skills you need for success.

Leadership

Successful managers and others in advanced positions need to be able to lead their employees while motivating them to perform at a high level. “A good leader will inspire those who work with them and around them, make them feel valued, and give the whole undertaking a sense of direction,” Top MBA says. MBA coursework helps give students the confidence and experience to lead.

Decision-Making

Being able to think strategically and make tough decisions is one of the core skills business leaders need. A main benefit of earning an MBA is that it prepares you to “move from a functional role to a ‘big picture’ one,” Top MBA says. Completing the advanced coursework required in MBA programs prepares students to be forward-thinking and innovative.

Project Management

Project management skills enable business professionals to manage a team and execute projects effectively. Being able to navigate complex projects is a cornerstone of leadership and can make the difference between failure and success. Coursework in strategic management and related topics provides students with these skills and more.

Technology Management

Because technology is such a driving force in the business world, many leadership positions are only attainable with an MBA. Understanding the connection between business and technology is one of the best ways to advance in your career.

Finance and Economics

Among the most important “hard skills” that MBA programs teach are finance and economics. A global understanding of core economic topics and financial approaches shows employers that you are ready for the challenges of modern industries.

Information Analytics

This skill set is quickly emerging as a key component of success for many business professionals. Information analytics can increase productivity and drive businesses, helping them to stay competitive. Information analytics use “large amounts of data to uncover hidden patterns, correlations, and other insights,” according to SAS. Utilizing this skill set helps businesses understand consumer behavior, so MBA graduates who have a grasp of these approaches provide in-demand competencies to employers.

Data Analytics (Health Care Informatics)

Data analytics in a health care setting describes “the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption, and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management, and planning,” according to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.

Understanding these systems gives professionals an advantage as technology plays a more and more central role in health care delivery. MBA programs that teach this skill set prepare students for some of the most in-demand careers in the country, like those featured above.

Skills like these help MBA graduates stand out among the competition and leverage their degree for ongoing career success. While specific coursework varies by program, the hard and soft skills covered here can typically be learned through advanced business coursework.

About Concordia University, St. Paul

Concordia University, St. Paul is a private, regionally accredited university. It was founded in 1893 as a Christian liberal arts university dedicated to providing students with skills to prepare them for successful careers. The faculty and staff at Concordia have remained focused on that mission by providing both online and on-campus degree programs.

Master of Business Administration

Concordia’s online MBA program uses cross-curriculum education activities to help students become experts in their chosen industry. The knowledge and practical experience gained give students the confidence they need to succeed in their professional setting. The program explores business trends and how they affect the current business environment.

MBA in Health Care Management

The online MBA in Health Care Management gives students the knowledge and skills to make an impact in the modern health care industry. Students learn about the intersection of business and health care through coursework that combines traditional MBA topics such as accounting and finance with specialized health care coursework in bioethics, health care informatics, quality practices, and more.

Download this MBA Careers Guide

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Social media is a valuable business tool for reaching new customers, increasing sales, and building brand awareness. By developing practical social media strategies, companies can improve their bottom line while creating a community of engaged consumers. Here are the top benefits of social media for business, along with methods for making tactics successful.

Sustained Growth of Social Media Engagement

Social media engagement is continuing to grow, as an estimate shows that more than 3 billion people will use platforms each month in 2021. In 2017, Facebook alone had 2 billion monthly users. These statistics illustrate the benefits of social media for business — and provide motivation for companies to bring Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube into their media strategy.

By maintaining an active presence on popular social media sites, your business can enhance consumer relations and foster product research to help people make informed purchasing decisions. These platforms also provide a seamless way to monitor customer feedback and conversations. As a result, you can leverage social engagement to keep customers informed, accelerate sales, and boost profits.

Tips for Using Social Media for Business

Follow these tips to use social media to reach motivated shoppers, build a loyal following, and illustrate your brand’s story.

Deploy Targeted Advertising

One of the key benefits of social media for businesses is the ability funnel consumers to e-commerce stores. Most social platforms offer options for creating targeted ads, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. Be sure to develop ad campaigns to provide people with the right content and offer. This way, social media users will not only discover your page, but they may become your customers.

To build a successful targeted advertising campaign on social media, you must determine which platform will perform the best for you organically. The more followers you have on a platform, the better chance you will have of achieving organic engagement. For example, if you have a much larger following on Instagram than on Twitter, creating an Instagram campaign will likely produce better results.

Also, consider the demographics of social media users to gauge whether they will become your customers. If your brand sells quilting supplies, conduct consumer research to find the best audience for your products. This process could show that you can generate more sales by marketing on Pinterest than other social platforms.

Engage With Your Audience

Many social media users would rather watch a short video than read a lengthy post. So, it’s essential to incorporate video content across your social media pages. Content ideas include offering a behind-the-scenes look at how you make your products and a live feed of your business at a trade show. While simple, these activities can attract people to your accounts and help you gain followers.

Before you develop videos, consider the types of content that your ideal consumers will find engaging. All content should also fit within your brand identity, using humor or emotion in ways that match the image you want to project. When executed well, this content can foster social conversations that result in a spike in likes, retweets, and followers.

Additionally, social media should be, in fact, social. After all, one of the central benefits of social media for business is having the opportunity to interact with customers directly. As a social media marketer, you should respond to user comments and questions. Creating this relationship with your followers can increase brand loyalty, trust, and awareness, not to mention sales.

Tell Your Brand Story

Audiences value compelling storytelling. By telling your brand story on social media, your business can stand out among the competition. It’s important to humanize your story, as people would rather connect with other people instead of companies, according to the social engagement company Post Planner. That’s why stories should center on the people behind your brand. But be sure this content reflects your mission and values.

You can also craft brief narratives in your social media updates. By telling micro-stories that show how a problem is resolved, your audience may relate to the content on a deeper level, which could generate more likes, comments, and shares. As more people engage with the content, it can appear in more feeds and expand your brand awareness even further.

Work With Influencers

A Tomoson survey found that influencer marketing is the fastest-growing channel for gaining customers. That same survey found that 22% of marketers consider influencer marketing to be the most cost-effective method of customer acquisition.

As the role of influencers in marketing has increased, more companies have begun collaborating with them. If your brand works with an influencer who has a large following within your niche, you could expand your consumer reach tremendously. As shown by a CivicScience study, 34% of Instagram users purchased a product based on the recommendation of an influencer or blogger. This buying behavior may stem from a willingness of influencers to engage with their social media followers.

Learn How to Use Social Media for Business

As these strategies show, there are many benefits of social media for businesses. Using social media strategically is one of the most cost-effective ways to build brand awareness and boost sales. But social media is one of many channels that marketers leverage. Now, you can gain the skills and knowledge to connect with customers when you earn an online B.S. in Marketing.

At Concordia University, St. Paul, you will gain marketing expertise in social media and more engaging channels. The program defines core business principles, along with marketing tools and best practices. You will experience a convenient online format that allows you to complete coursework when and where works best for you.

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As medical technology advances at a rapid pace, health care professionals are tasked with examining the resulting bioethical issues. By applying the principles of ethics to the field of medicine, bioethics aims to investigate and study how health care decisions are made. It is a core component of ensuring that medical practices and procedures benefit society as a whole.

According to the Center for Practical Bioethics, those who are concerned with bioethics ask questions such as the following, within the context of modern medicine and health care:

  • What is the right thing to do?
  • What is worthwhile?
  • What are our obligations to one another?
  • Who is responsible, to whom and for what?
  • What is the fitting response to this moral dilemma, given the context?
  • On what moral grounds are such claims made?

Bioethics is a multidisciplinary field, combining philosophy, theology, history, and law with medicine, nursing, health policy, and the medical humanities. Because the health care system is so complex, it is important to consider relevant issues from multiple points of view.

What Is Bioethics?

The term “bioethics” was first introduced in 1971 to reference “the combination of biology and bioscience with humanistic knowledge,” the Center for Practical Bioethics explains. However, its application has become much broader today, including clinical decision-making, controversial new research, the implications of emerging technologies, global concerns, and public policy. In fact, bioethics has played a central role in influencing policy changes and legislation in recent years. Its relevance for medical professionals is difficult to overstate, as the modern health care system continues to change at a rapid pace.

Bioethics has applications ranging from birth to the end of life, and it directly affects both patients and care providers. “Bioethics has an impact on every level of human community from the local nursing home to the huge international conferences on issues like the Human Genome … [It] is full of difficult ethical questions for everybody: families, hospitals, governments, and civilisation,” the Adelaide Centre for Bioethics and Culture explains.

Common Bioethical Issues

The following are some of the most relevant bioethical issues faced by the health care industry.

End-of-Life Care

Elderly individuals and their families face a variety of difficult decisions as they near the end of life. Whether legal, practical, spiritual, or medical in nature, health care professionals overseeing these decisions “must first recognize pain and suffering,” according to an article in The Ochsner Journal.

Advancements in medical treatment may prolong life, but quality of life can decrease once an individual becomes too ill. Then it is time to consider the level of pain management offered, whether to deliver care at home or in a hospital setting, and what kind of caregiver is needed.

Medical Resource Allocation

When medical resources are limited or scarce, it is difficult to meet all health care needs due to a limited supply. This is why, in some cases, there is some degree of rationing in the health care system. One good example of this is intensive care units (ICUs). Patients might need to be transferred out of the ICU when they could still derive a small amount of benefit from ongoing monitoring, according to “The Ethics and Reality of Rationing in Medicine.” Decisions like this might be made to accommodate the needs of more seriously ill patients who need access to limited space in the unit.

Resource allocation could also apply to something as simple as physician time. Leaders and other stakeholders must determine which patients should be seen first and how much time should be dedicated.

Eugenics

With modern advances in technology, it is possible to improve genetic quality through selective reproduction, gene selection, and gene manipulation. But just because more choice exists, does that mean we should take advantage of it? That’s the bioethical issue behind eugenics. Options like embryo selection can allow parents to choose the sex of their child, for example. “Such possibilities raise important ethical questions — questions about which of these choices, if any, are morally wrong — along with closely related questions about the extent to which law and regulation should restrict these areas of medicine,” according to Eugenics and the Ethics of Selective Reproduction.

Euthanasia

One of the most controversial topics in bioethics is euthanasia. According to the BBC: “Euthanasia is the termination of a very sick person’s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. A person who undergoes euthanasia usually has an incurable condition.” In some cases, it may be done at the patient’s request, but when a patient is incapacitated, the decision can be made by others, such as family members or medical professionals.

In the medical community, there are two categories of euthanasia. Active euthanasia occurs when a medical professional allows the patient to die. Passive euthanasia occurs when “medical professionals either don’t do something necessary to keep the patient alive, or when they stop doing something that is keeping the patient alive,” according to the BBC. It is important to note that in both cases this is done at the patient or family member’s request. The American Medical Association Code of Ethics makes a distinction between “withdrawing life-sustaining treatment” and euthanasia, which indicates just how complex this bioethical issue is.

Organ Donation

The importance of organ transplantation in modern medicine can’t be overstated. It helps patients by prolonging their lives after the failure of vital organs. For organ transplantation to work, of course, it requires donation from deceased or living individuals. According to “Ethical Issues in Organ Transplantation,” “The increasing incidence of vital organ failure and the inadequate supply of organs … has created a wide gap between organ supply and organ demand.” This means that patients often have long wait times before they receive an organ, and this can result in death. The bioethical issues surrounding this issue are complex, including whether organ donation should continue to be voluntary and whether minors should be allowed to donate organs.

Bioethical Issues and Health Care Management

For leaders in the health care field, it is important to create an ethical environment in which to deal with the daily challenges that arise. According to the National Center for Ethics in Health Care (NCEHC), influencing employees to “do the right thing” can be achieved when managers prioritize ethics, communicate clear expectations, and practice ethical decision-making.

The NCEHC also notes that ethical health care organizations create a culture where individuals:

  • Appreciate the importance of ethics
  • See ethics as part of quality
  • Recognize and discuss ethical concerns
  • Understand what is expected of them
  • Seek consultation on ethics cases when needed
  • Feel empowered to behave ethically
  • Work to resolve ethics issues on a systems level
  • View organizational decisions as ethical

When managers are able to foster a culture of ethics, employee behavior is more likely to follow suit. This is one of the many important responsibilities of professionals in health care management roles.

If you are interested in health care topics like these, consider Concordia University, St. Paul’s online MBA in Health Care Management program. With coursework that focuses on both core business topics and the latest trends in the dynamic health care industry, this degree prepares you with the confidence to succeed in your chosen career path. Our program features multiple start dates and the ability to study when it’s most convenient.

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Both information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) offer career opportunities with long-term growth potential. Although the terms “information technology” and “information systems” are used interchangeably at times, that’s not accurate. There are similarities and differences between the two fields.

What is Information Technology?

IT describes the technological transfer, storage, and accessibility of information. The term deals with the technological components used in platforms or products themselves.

It might be easier to think of IT as encompassing hardware, software, databases, and networks. Essentially, the emphasis of IT is to manage technology and help users make the most of its functionality. Careers in IT typically require a degree in computer science or information science. Those who graduate can find employment in database or network administration, infrastructure management, business intelligence, computer programming, or software development.

What is Information Systems?

An information system is a type of platform or collection of platforms that manage information or a technology product. For instance, the hardware and software used to create, maintain, and access an electronic health record is an information system. The computers, hard drives, and other electronic devices used to store, keep, and distribute patient records are part of the system.

IS can also be described as an overarching umbrella term for the systems, people, and processes that businesses use to create, store, manipulate, and distribute information. IS is the bridge between technology and the user. Careers include positions in actuarial sciences, analytics, programming, communications, computer security, and auditing.

IT is a subset of IS. The fields are certainly related, but those interested in a career in technology should research and understand the differences between the two fields, because careers in each area require separate paths.

Online Graduate Programs in IT

If you’re interested in pursuing a career in computers, consider an online BS in Computer Science or an online BS in Information Systems. Concordia University, St. Paul’s programs feature a convenient format for learning, allowing you to achieve your career goals while balancing your personal and professional commitments.

CSP Global bachelor degree graduates are among the highest salaries of alumni from Minnesota colleges and universities.

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Entry level to executive HR guide banner

Human Resources (HR) is an in-demand, potentially lucrative, and dynamic field that offers many positions, responsibilities, and opportunities to truly impact people’s lives.

HR Career Path & Job Responsibilities

The size and structure of a company can create several different job titles and a wide range of responsibilities for HR positions. Here are some of the most common HR careers, using real-time salary information from PayScale at the time of publication.

  • An entry-level HR assistant helps facilitate various HR processes. The professional completes administrative paperwork for new hires, termination, benefits, and other workplace programs. Another typical role is helping solve workplace issues regarding wages, overtime rules, absences, and other day-to-day operations. Additional responsibilities include organizing company events, sending reminders, overseeing employment verification, and helping other HR professionals.
  • Similar to many HR entry-level jobs, this role typically requires a bachelor’s degree.
  • An HR specialist focuses on one specific task or role within the department. For instance, the individual may work exclusively on payroll, benefits, training, and hiring for the company. Other responsibilities may be involved, such as assisting with daily operations of the HR department and helping out in other areas from time to time.
  • Strong teamwork skills are needed to work with upper management and staff members. Computer skills, such as proficiency in Microsoft Word and Excel, will help with the typical office work required in HR departments. A bachelor’s degree is often required for this role.
  • An HR generalist performs a wide range of duties in the department. Responsibilities often include payroll, benefits, training, and hiring. The generalist may also review company policies and help suggest changes.
  • Skills and educational requirements are similar to HR specialist positions.
  • An HR manager oversees policies, procedures, and compliance relating to employees in an organization. The manager ensures that activities comply with local, state, and federal laws, including topics and policies like insurance programs, flexible work programs, parental leave, open enrollment programs, and vacation and sick leave.
  • The HR manager is active in the daily operations of the department. Strategic elements such as business planning and budget development are typical responsibilities for this role.
  • To thrive as an HR manager, professionals need excellent leadership, multitasking, and problem-solving skills. A bachelor’s degree is the minimum educational requirement.
  • An HR director can have many roles depending on the organization. In larger companies, a director may head up several departments and hiring managers to oversee them. At smaller companies, the HR director may act alone and serve informally as the HR manager.
  • The HR director is more of a strategic partner, working as a proponent for the company and its employees. Duties may involve the day-to-day problems and complaints surrounding employees, their benefits, payroll issues, and paperwork. Other duties often include ensuring that programs comply with professional standards and laws, overseeing staff operations, and being in charge of recruiting, training, compensation, team building, and leadership.
  • Interpersonal, managerial, organizational, and computer skills are all critical. A bachelor’s degree is the minimum educational requirement, and a master’s degree may be needed for high-level positions.
  • A CHRO is an administrative role that typically reports to the chief executive officer and senior staff. Tasked with supervising all HR administration for the company, the CHRO is responsible for HR practices and regulations, proposing changes to senior management, and ensuring that the company has the necessary workforce to meet all business needs and goals.
  • One particular focus for the CHRO is staff development and retention. Programs and initiatives to train, assign proper management personnel, and give performance-based bonuses can help enhance the organization’s staff. The CHRO continually assesses those types of initiatives and the general performance of personnel under the supervision of the officer. Ensuring that employee morale is high and determining any causes for low morale are primary aspects of cultivating a satisfied, engaged, and, as a result, a productive workforce.
  • Around eight to 10 years of experience supervising HR staff is a typical requirement for the CHRO position. A bachelor’s degree is the minimum educational requirement; many employers prefer a master’s degree.

What is Human Resources?

Human resources (HR) is a function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in relation to the employer’s strategic objectives. The field is a strategic and coherent approach to managing an organization’s most valued assets—the people who work there.

According to the European Journal of Business and Management, the roots of HR can be traced to prehistoric times, when consistent methods for selecting tribal leaders involved safety and health considerations. From 2000 to 1500 B.C., the Chinese used employee screening techniques, and the Greeks used an apprentice system to select and train individuals for jobs.

The beginnings of modern HR developed in the 1700s when the Industrial Revolution took place. Large factories replaced cottage industries, creating an influx of immigrant workers. That helped create sizable workforce populations that contributed to themes like personnel functions for keeping worker records and the rise of middle-level supervisors. Power-driven equipment and improved production systems allowed products to be manufactured more cheaply than before, resulting in monotonous, unhealthy, and hazardous jobs. A clear division between management and the working class led to trade unions that fought for workers’ rights.

In the early 1900s, governments in the United States and the United Kingdom became involved in work systems. They passed laws regulating work for women and children, establishing minimum wages for male labor, and protecting workers from hazardous working conditions. Management theorists began examining the nature of work and work systems, drawing on current psychological and sociological research.

Those theories and research led to today’s HR practices. From the mid-1900s to the present day, several factors and themes emerged—such as collective bargaining and employment laws, computerization, employee benefits, automation, and globalization—forming the current state of HR.

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Why is Human Resources a Good Career Path?

HR presents a compelling case as a top career path choice. HR entry-level jobs typically start at $40,000 to $50,000, with high-level titles nearing and exceeding the six-digit mark. The job outlook is attractive, as well. Despite the integration of technology that can automate some low-level HR functions, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the employment of HR specialists is projected to grow 10% through 2028, and HR managers by 9% over the same period.

HR truly shines as a career path when considering its intangibles; HR professionals have a tangible impact on workers. These professionals meet fundamental needs, from finding top talent and training new hires to solving organizational issues. A well- or poorly-run HR department can make or break a company.

The “human” part of HR is not to be underestimated. HR workers interact with an organization’s employees to help them sort out issues with managers, receive benefits for a new child, and progress their careers so they can experience occupational growth and better provide for their families. Whether entry-level or advanced, plenty of HR positions involve these sorts of scenarios, and no two days are the same.

It’s also important to note the sheer variety of positions in this field, as the next section will cover. There are general HR roles, titles involving specialization (benefits or training), and managerial- and executive-level jobs. HR is one field that includes several types of professionals with different skills and job descriptions.

Why is HR such a great career choice? The statistics and research demonstrate why companies absolutely need a strong HR department with skilled, caring professionals.

According to Gallup, only 20% of employees worldwide are engaged in their jobs. Another survey found that 32% of workers ages 18 to 35 said they could see themselves leaving their position within a year. One way to prevent employee turnover is by hiring the right people. The Harvard Business Review estimated that as much as 80% of turnover is due to bad hiring decisions.

The results of ineffective hiring are costly. Research from the Society for Human Resource Management suggests that direct replacement costs can reach 50 to 60% of an employee’s annual salary, with total costs ranging from 90 to 200 percent of the annual wage. Arguably, the costs can add up even more, as high turnover rates can impact overall employee morale and productivity. On the other hand, happiness at work can lead to a 13% spike in productivity, according to research from Oxford University’s Saïd Business School. Companies that invest in employee support and satisfaction can enhance happiness; Google’s employee satisfaction rates rose 37% as a result of those initiatives.

Skilled HR professionals are needed to reverse the alarming trends surrounding employee engagement and turnover.

Start or Enhance Your HR Career

Concordia, St. Paul’s online Bachelor of Science in Human Resource Management and online Master of Arts in Human Resource Management can help you achieve your goals in this desirable career field. Enjoy small class sizes with a personal learning environment geared toward your success, where you’ll learn from knowledgeable faculty who have industry experience. Get started with CSP today.

Graphic of a woman holding up a large arrow showing an upward trend in human resource jobs for women.